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Impact of Universal Basic Income on Income and Poverty in Italy: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Using HFCS Data in EUROMOD
Petrus, Tomáš ; Kolář, Daniel (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Mikrosimulace základního nepodmíněného příjmu v EUROMOD přisprívají probíhající diskusi o sociálních důsledcích a rozpočtové proveditelnosti této politiky. Evropská HFCS data použitá v této práci umožňují zdanění majetku jako způsob financování, aby byl základní nepodmíněný příjem rozpočtově neutrální. Tato práce zkoumá vliv tří unikátních scénářů na redistribuci příjmů a míru ohrožení chudobou na různé části italské populace. Rozmanitost italských regionů a boj s veřejným dluhem mohou vážně ohrozit proveditelnost scénářů v reálném světě. Výsledky práce následují trend radikálního snižování celkové chudoby a nerovnosti pozorovaný v této oblasti výzkumu. Tyto scénáře, spolu s pevnou daní z majetku, mají nepříznivé dopady na starší věkové skupiny, které se spoléhají na starobní důchody. Systém sociálních dávek má ve scénářích různé úrovně náhraditelnosti, které významně ovlivňují dopad na ohrožené skupiny. Práce nastoluje potenciální zmírnění nežádoucích účinků, které lze analyzovat v dalším výzkumu. Mikrosimulace postrádá behaviorální dopad základního nepodmíněného příjmu na jednotlivce, který je zachycen v provedených studiích v Evropě a Severní Americe.
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Employment market characteristics and their impact on the functioning of an organization
Soušek, Jiří ; Tureckiová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šerák, Michal (referee)
in English Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the labour market. Labour markets function through the interaction of workers and employers. Workers enter the labour market to seek for maintanance. Organizations demand workers on the labour market. Labour markets are conditioned by market, institucional and social forces. There are many way of how could labour markets interact with an industrial organization, especcialy a level of productivity, wages level and a number of labour force. Labour market outcomes have both macro and microeconomical causations and affect behaviour of people and organizations on the labour market. The main aim of this paper is describtion of labour market outcomes and rewiev their influence on functioning of industrial organization.
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Some of the macroeconomic effects of labour migration following the Czech Republic joining the European Union
Vystrčil, Tomáš ; Černý, Michal (advisor) ; Tomanová, Petra (referee)
When the Czech Republic joined the European Union in 2004, the number of foreign nationals working in the Czech Republic quickly grew, along with their impact on the national economy. The aim of this thesis is to analyse and compare the effects of foreign and native labour on the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Czech Republic. Then we shall compare the effects of immigrant labour originating from the EU with other foreign nationals. Using the ordinary least squares method to analyse time series data, it is shown that labour migration has a positive effect on the GDP growth and the results are statistically significant. It seems that labour from the EU is the most productive group, followed by the foreign labour from other countries.
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Beauty as competition advantage on the labour market
Urbanová, Aneta ; Kureková, Lucie (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate role of beauty on the labour market, mainly with emphasis on employment discrimination and gender differences. Existing approaches of economics of beauty and examples of experiments are introduced in the theoretical part as well as discrimination models and situation of labour market in the Czech Republic. The practical part is based on the research with online questionnaire survey. The variable of beauty consists of respondent´s self-evaluation, panel evaluation and BMI, statistically set up by summation. The verification of 7 outlined hypothesis are done through the Spearman´s rank correlation coefficient and so various aspects of beauty reward are analysed. The relation between attractiveness and wage, job finding rate, career growth rate and favouring of women with men superior was confirmed. Despite the insufficient survey sample size, which brought rather indicative results, it is possible to conclude that in the examined area with economic graduates the discrimination due to physical attractiveness is realized. Moreover, respondents stated that they consider physical appearance an important factor of success at selection procedure, so they themselves ascribe it significant value in this respect.
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Employment market characteristics and their impact on the functioning of an organization
Soušek, Jiří ; Tureckiová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šerák, Michal (referee)
in English Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the labour market. Labour markets function through the interaction of workers and employers. Workers enter the labour market to seek for maintanance. Organizations demand workers on the labour market. Labour markets are conditioned by market, institucional and social forces. There are many way of how could labour markets interact with an industrial organization, especcialy a level of productivity, wages level and a number of labour force. Labour market outcomes have both macro and microeconomical causations and affect behaviour of people and organizations on the labour market. The main aim of this paper is describtion of labour market outcomes and rewiev their influence on functioning of industrial organization.
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What drives cross-country differences in average earnings: occupational structure or within-occupation wage levels?
Kubíková, Marie ; Bajgar, Matej (advisor) ; Vukelić, Tatjana (referee)
This thesis analyses differences in average earnings across countries, and examines whether they are due to different wages for comparable occupations or to different occupational structure. To separate the effect of these two factors, I use a thought experiment consisting of replacing a country's structure or wages by those of another country and observing the percentage change in the implied average earnings. For the thought experiment, I use data on occupational structure and wages for 26 countries from the International Labour Organisation. The results suggest that most of the difference in average earnings across countries is due to within-occupation differences in wage levels and only a smaller part of them is due to different occupational structure. The structure has a relatively higher impact in countries at low levels of economic development.
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